The spinal cord is referred to as the pathway between the brain and the body. When the spinal cord is damaged, the transmission of information between the brain and the body parts it controls is disrupted. The spinal cord is divided into five sections: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions. The level of injury determines the extent of paralysis, with loss of sensation and mobility usually occurring below the site of the injury. Therefore, quadriplegia occurs when there is damage to the upper portion of the spinal cord, or the cervical and thoracic regions. Quadriplegia can be defined as both complete and incomplete; complete refers to total loss of sensation and bodily function below the injury level and incomplete injuries refer to partial loss. Quadriplegia refers to loss of mobility in the arms and legs, and loss of function breathing, bowel and bladder control. Additionally pain, muscle spasms and sexual dysfunction occur in many quadriplegics.

Both Paraplegia and Quadriplegia are devastating conditions that affect hundreds of accident victims each year. Many victims will never reach full recovery and will require lifelong medical attention. Many steps could be taken to reduce spinal cord injuries including quadriplegia. Auto manufacturers should take steps to ensure that vehicles are safe and have the best airbags, seatbelts to prevent ejection, sound vehicle design and roof stability.